1. Nielsen VK: Pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm: I. Ephaptic transmission and ectopic excitation. Neurology 1984;34:418-426.
2. Moller AR, Jannetta PJ: Hemifacial spasm: results of electrophysiologic recording during microvascular decompression operations. Neurology 1985;35:969-974.
3. Wilkins RH: Hemifacial spasm: a review. Surg Neurol 1991;36:251-277.
4. Moller AR: Vascular compression of cranial nerves: II: pathophysiology. Neurol Res 1999;21:439-443.
6. Barker FG, Jannetta PJ, Bissonette DJ, Shields PT, Larkins MV, Jho HD: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. J Neurosurg 1995;82:201-210.
7. Sindou M, Mercier P: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: Surgical techniques and intraoperative monitoring. Neurochirurgie 2018;64:133-143.
8. Legatt AD: Mechanisms of intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potential changes. J Clin Neurophysiol 2002;19:396-408.
9. Acevedo JC, Sindou M, Fischer C, Vial C: Microvascular decompression for the treatment of hemifacial spasm. Retrospective study of a consecutive series of 75 operated patients--electrophysiologic and anatomical surgical analysis. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1997;68:260-265.
10. Legatt AD: Electrophysiology of Cranial Nerve Testing: Auditory Nerve. J Clin Neurophysiol 2018;35:25-38.
11. American Clinical Neurophysiology S: Guideline 9C: Guidelines on short-latency auditory evoked potentials. J Clin Neurophysiol 2006;23:157-167.
13. Joo BE, Park SK, Cho KR, Kong DS, Seo DW, Park K: Real-time intraoperative monitoring of brainstem auditory evoked potentials during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. J Neurosurg 2016;125:1061-1067.
14. James ML, Husain AM: Brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring: when is change in wave V significant? Neurology 2005;65:1551-1555.
16. Grundy BL, Jannetta PJ, Procopio PT, Lina A, Boston JR, Doyle E: Intraoperative monitoring of brain-stem auditory evoked potentials. J Neurosurg 1982;57:674-681.
18. Thirumala PD, Carnovale G, Habeych ME, Crammond DJ, Balzer JR: Diagnostic accuracy of brainstem auditory evoked potentials during microvascular decompression. Neurology 2014;83:1747-1752.
19. Park SK, Joo BE, Lee S, et al: The critical warning sign of real-time brainstem auditory evoked potentials during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Clin Neurophysiol 2018;129:1097-1102.
20. Kong DS, Park K, Shin BG, Lee JA, Eum DO: Prognostic value of the lateral spread response for intraoperative electromyography monitoring of the facial musculature during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. J Neurosurg 2007;106:384-387.
21. Kim CH, Kong DS, Lee JA, Kwan P: The potential value of the disappearance of the lateral spread response during microvascular decompression for predicting the clinical outcome of hemifacial spasms: a prospective study. Neurosurgery 2010;67:1581-1587; discussion 1587.
22. Huang BR, Chang CN, Hsu JC: Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. J Clin Neurosci 2009;16:209-213.
23. Sekula RF, Bhatia S, Frederickson AM, et al: Utility of intraoperative electromyography in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: a meta-analysis. Neurosurg Focus 2009;27:E10.
24. Thirumala PD, Shah AC, Nikonow TN, et al: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: evaluating outcome prognosticators including the value of intraoperative lateral spread response monitoring and clinical characteristics in 293 patients. J Clin Neurophysiol 2011;28:56-66.
25. Tobishima H, Hatayama T, Ohkuma H: Relation between the persistence of an abnormal muscle response and the long-term clinical course after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2014;54:474-482.
26. Hatem J, Sindou M, Vial C: Intraoperative monitoring of facial EMG responses during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Prognostic value for long-term outcome: a study in a 33-patient series. Br J Neurosurg 2001;15:496-499.
27. Katz AD, Catalano P: The clinical significance of the various anastomotic branches of the facial nerve. Report of 100 patients. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987;113:959-962.
28. Kopuz C, Turgut S, Yavuz S, Ilgi S: Distribution of facial nerve in parotid gland: analysis of 50 cases. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1994;70:295-299.
29. Lee S, Park SK, Lee JA, et al: A new method for monitoring abnormal muscle response in hemifacial spasm: A prospective study. Clin Neurophysiol 2018;129:1490-1495.
32. Joo WI, Lee KJ, Park HK, Chough CK, Rha HK: Prognostic value of intra-operative lateral spread response monitoring during microvascular decompression in patients with hemifacial spasm. J Clin Neurosci 2008;15:1335-1339.
33. Thirumala PD, Wang X, Shah A, et al: Clinical impact of residual lateral spread response after adequate microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: A retrospective analysis. Br J Neurosurg 2015;29:818-822.
36. Son BC, Ko HC, Choi JG: Intraoperative monitoring of Z-L response (ZLR) and abnormal muscle response (AMR) during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Interpreting the role of ZLR. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018;160:963-970.
37. Kimura J: Current understanding of F-wave physiology in the clinical domain. Suppl Clin Neurophysiol 2006;59:299-303.
38. Ishikawa M, Ohira T, Namiki J, et al: Electrophysiological investigation of hemifacial spasm after microvascular decompression: F waves of the facial muscles, blink reflexes, and abnormal muscle responses. J Neurosurg 1997;86:654-661.
39. Wilkinson MF, Kaufmann AM: Facial Motor Neuron Excitability in Hemifacial Spasm: A Facial MEP Study. Can J Neurol Sci 2014;41:239-245.
40. Wilkinson MF, Kaufmann AM: Monitoring of facial muscle motor evoked potentials during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: evidence of changes in motor neuron excitability. J Neurosurg 2005;103:64-69.